Men’s health
Balanitis: why the head of your penis is red and sore
A red, sore or swollen penis head is alarming, but it is usually caused by balanitis, a common and treatable inflammation. Here is what causes it and how to care for it.
In short: Balanitis is inflammation of the glans (head of the penis). It causes redness, soreness, itching, swelling and sometimes a smelly discharge under the foreskin. It is most common in uncircumcised men and is often linked to thrush, poor hygiene, irritation from soaps, or diabetes. Gentle hygiene helps, but most cases need assessment and treatment.
Symptoms of balanitis
- Redness or red patches on the head of the penis
- Soreness, itching or burning
- Swelling
- A thick discharge under the foreskin
- An unpleasant smell
- Difficulty pulling back the foreskin
- Pain when urinating
Common causes
Thrush (candida)
The most common infectious cause, especially after antibiotics or in men with diabetes.
Poor hygiene
Smegma, a natural build-up of skin cells and oils under the foreskin, can irritate if not washed regularly.
Over-washing and irritants
Soaps, shower gels and perfumed products can also irritate.
Bacterial infections and STIs
Some bacteria and sexually transmitted infections can cause balanitis.
Tight foreskin
Phimosis makes cleaning harder. See phimosis: tight foreskin in adult men.
Skin conditions
Eczema, psoriasis and lichen sclerosus can affect the penis.
Diabetes
Sugar in the urine encourages yeast growth. Recurrent balanitis can be a sign of undiagnosed diabetes.
Gentle care at home
- Wash daily with warm water only, or a mild emollient, gently pulling back the foreskin.
- Dry gently and thoroughly before returning the foreskin.
- Avoid soap, bubble bath and perfumed products on the area.
- Wear loose cotton underwear.
- Avoid sex until symptoms settle.
See penile hygiene tips.
When to see someone
See an appropriately registered medical professional if:
- Symptoms do not improve within a few days of gentle care
- You have discharge, sores, or pain urinating
- You cannot pull back or return your foreskin (paraphimosis is an emergency)
- Balanitis keeps coming back
Treatment may include antifungal or antibiotic creams, and testing for diabetes or STIs.
How we can help
Our naturopaths can help with natural support for skin health, immunity, blood sugar and recurring infections, alongside the medical treatment you need. We will always refer you for tests when appropriate. Read also itchy penis causes.
Why men choose our natural approach
Walk in or consult remotely
Walk in at Buccleuch, Sandton, with parking available, or consult by phone or video from anywhere in South Africa.
Natural and non-surgical
Herbal remedies and practical guidance, with no injections or surgery.
Faster appointments
Enquiries answered 24/7, with same-day appointments often available.
Transparent pricing
Consultations are R2,500, with any remedy costs confirmed before you commit.
Private self-check: 5 quick questions
Answer these honestly before you try anything new or book. They help you describe what is happening and get more from your first consultation.
- Do you have pain, swelling, redness or itching in the genital area?
- Have you noticed discharge, sores, a lump or blood in your urine or semen?
- Do you have a fever or feel generally unwell?
- Has this lasted more than a few days, or keep coming back?
- Is it affecting your sex life, sleep or confidence?
A yes to questions two or three, or sudden severe pain, means you should see an appropriately registered medical professional promptly. For recurring or lifestyle-related concerns, a naturopath can help with natural support alongside medical care.
What happens at your first consultation
- Walk in or book online, call +27 10 205 9855 or WhatsApp +27 81 823 1313. In Gauteng, walk in at 199 Vanessa Street, Buccleuch, Sandton, where parking is available. Outside Gauteng, choose a confidential phone or video consultation. Enquiries are answered 24/7.
- Talk privately with a naturopath about your symptoms, health history, lifestyle and goals.
- Receive a personalised natural plan, with any remedy costs confirmed upfront.
- Follow up in person or remotely so your progress is reviewed and your plan adjusted.
Your health and safety
Our naturopaths use natural remedies and lifestyle support, and always check your health history and current medicines first. Balanitis can be caused by infections or diabetes, so we refer you to an appropriately registered medical professional for tests and treatment when needed. Avoid unregistered “enhancement” products sold online or at markets, as SAHPRA has warned that some contain hidden ingredients.
Seek urgent medical care for chest pain, an erection lasting more than four hours, sudden weakness or other sudden symptoms.
Consultation price
A consultation is R2,500, in person or remote, and your naturopath confirms any further costs before you go ahead. See our mens clinic prices for details.
Frequently asked questions
What causes the head of the penis to be red?
Balanitis, often caused by thrush, poor hygiene, irritation from soaps or condoms, or diabetes, is the most common cause.
Is balanitis an STI?
Balanitis itself is not an STI, but some STIs can cause it.
Can balanitis go away on its own?
Mild irritation may settle with gentle hygiene, but most cases benefit from assessment and treatment.
How do I prevent balanitis?
Wash daily with warm water, dry well, avoid perfumed products and manage blood sugar if you have diabetes.
How much does a consultation cost?
A consultation is R2,500, and any remedy costs are confirmed with you before you go ahead.
Book your consultation today
Get personalised, natural support from a naturopath. Walk in at our Sandton practice, or book a remote consultation if you live outside Gauteng.
References and further reading
- NHS: Balanitis
- NIDDK: Symptoms and causes of erectile dysfunction
- NCCIH: Using dietary supplements wisely
Reviewed by George Mulaudzi, Naturopath. This page is general information and does not replace a personal consultation. If you have chest pain, sudden symptoms or a medical emergency, seek urgent medical care.
